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Selective study is accessed via the study options.

Anki allows you to filter new cards and/or cards due for review. This filter will prevent cards from appearing that would have otherwise been shown, but it will not make cards appear that weren’t due for review. If you want to force cards to be shown even though they’re not ready, you can do that via the cram feature.

Note
Beware of micromanaging your reviews. While concentrating on individual categories can be useful when you’re learning new material, it’s not such a good idea when it comes to reviews. Reviewing only single categories at a time is cumbersome, and it makes it much easier to recall an item when you know it’s from lesson 14, or it’s a type of food, etc. By giving yourself hints during reviews, Anki will become less effective.

Use the top half of the window when the list of tags you want to study is small. This can be useful if you want to learn all vocabulary tagged lesson 5, for example. Any cards that don’t have one of the selected tags will be hidden. If you uncheck the checkbox, all cards will be shown.

Use the bottom half of the window when you want to see most of the cards, but there are particular categories you want to hide. This can be useful for disabling your pronunciation cards when in public, for example.

The bottom filter is applied after the top one. In the image above, only cards tagged JLPT1 will be shown, and then only if they are not tagged checkexamples or needexamples.